Sophie Howarth, To the Things Themselves! Phenomenology and Minimal Art  This talk explores ideas of the readymade in American and European art since the 1960s. Beginning with a discussion of the historical origins of 'readymade' sculpture in the 1910s, Sophie Howarth goes on to explore the renewal of interest in such practice in the late 1950s, and its appeal to generations of artists since. Among those whose work will be discussed are Jasper Johns, Robert Morris, Piero Manzoni, Bruce Nauman, Charles Ray, Sherrie Levine and Jeff Koons. She finishes by asking if the readymade has been over-privileged as an artistic strategy in the second half of the twentieth century, and at what cost.Further ReadingJason Gaiger, 'Interpreting the Readymade: Marcel Duchamp's Bottlerack', in Frameworks for Modern Art,Yale University Press in association with The Open University, 2003.John Tancock 'The Influence of Marcel Duchamp' in the MOMA and Philadelphia exhibition catalogue edited by Anne D'Harnoncourt and Kynaston McShine (1973).Mignon Nixon and Martha Buskirk (eds), The Duchamp Effect, MIT Press, 1996.